![]() Intestinal gas has three sources-swallowed air, bacterial production, and diffusion from the blood. The intestinal tract in adults usually contains less than 200 mL of gas. This chapter focuses on the abnormalities of gas and soft tissues that can be detected on abdominal radiographs. Other terms include plain film of the abdomen and abdominal plain film, but with the widespread use of digital imaging and picture archiving communication systems (PACS) for interpretation of the images, abdominal radiograph has become the most appropriate term.Ī wealth of diagnostic information can be obtained from correct interpretation of abdominal radiographs, and several excellent texts are available on the subject. The term flat plate of the abdomen is dated and refers to a time when glass plates were used to produce images. The abdominal radiograph has also been called a KUB- k idneys, u reters (which are not visible), and b ladder. Although CT and ultrasound provide more information about acute abdominal conditions, abdominal radiography has the advantages of relatively low cost and ease of acquisition and can readily be performed on acutely ill or debilitated patients, so it remains a valuable study for the trained and perceptive observer. 1974 Feb 23(2):126–131.Even with the widespread availability of cross-sectional imaging studies, abdominal radiography remains a common imaging test in modern radiology practice. Serum enzyme changes in diabetic ketoacidosis. Knight AH, Williams DN, Spooner RJ, Goldberg DM.Hyperamylasemia in diabetic ketoacidosis: sources and significance. Vinicor F, Lehrner LM, Karn RC, Merritt AD.Significance of hyperamylasaemia and abdominal pain in diabetic ketoacidosis. Knight AH, Williams DN, Ellis G, Goldberg DM.The effect of acute hyperglycemia on gastric emptying in man. MacGregor IL, Gueller R, Watts HD, Meyer JH.ON DIABETIC ACIDOSIS: A Detailed Study of Electrolyte Balances Following the Withdrawal and Reestablishment of Insulin Therapy. Atchley DW, Loeb RF, Richards DW, Benedict EM, Driscoll ME.Abdominal pain in diabetic metabolic decompensation. Campbell IW, Duncan LJ, Innes JA, MacCuish AC, Munro JF.482 episodes in 257 patients experience of three years. Severe diabetic ketoacidosis (diabetic "coma"). Gastrointestinal manifestations of diabetes. Links to PubMed are also available for Selected References. Get a printable copy (PDF file) of the complete article (527K), or click on a page image below to browse page by page. Full textįull text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. Finally, clinical suspicion of an acute abdominal process should prompt early surgical consultation and, if required, surgical intervention as the acidosis is being brought under control. ![]() Similarly, the judicious use of laboratory tests (electrocardiography, blood counts, urinalysis, serum enzyme profile, and abdominal roentgenograms) materially aids in differential diagnosis. Careful attention to the medical history and abdominal examination greatly facilitates distinguishing patients with intra-abdominal pathology from those with reversible symptoms secondary to ketoacidosis. The pathogenesis of the reversible gastrointestinal symptoms which frequently accompany diabetic acidosis has not been rigorously defined and may be multifactorial, involving metabolic, humoral, and neural processes. Faced with a seriously ill patient, he must judge whether the abdominal pain, nausea, or vomiting are a consequence of the metabolic decompensation, and hence likely to resolve with correction of the ketoacidosis, or if these symptoms signal a serious underlying intra-abdominal process (e.g., cholecystitis, appendicitis, etc.) which may have precipitated the development of ketoacidosis. The evaluation of gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with diabetic acidosis frequently challenges the physician's clinical acumen.
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